Operators and Expressions

Operators and expressions are fundamental components of Python that allow you to perform various computations and manipulations on data. In this tutorial, we will explore different types of operators and how they are used to create expressions in Python.

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform basic mathematical operations.

Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

      x = 10      # Assign the value 10 to variable x
      y += 5      # Equivalent to: y = y + 5
      

Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare values and return boolean results (True or False).

      x == y      # Equal to
      x != y      # Not equal to
      x > y       # Greater than
      x < y       # Less than
      x >= y      # Greater than or equal to
      x <= y      # Less than or equal to
      

Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine multiple conditions and evaluate the overall expression.

      x and y     # True if both x and y are True
      x or y      # True if either x or y is True
      not x       # True if x is False (negation)
      

Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators perform operations on individual bits of integers.

      x & y       # Bitwise AND
      x | y       # Bitwise OR
      x ^ y       # Bitwise XOR
      ~x          # Bitwise NOT (complement)
      x << y      # Bitwise left shift
      x >> y      # Bitwise right shift
      

Identity Operators

Identity operators are used to compare the memory locations of two objects.

      x is y      # True if x and y reference the same object
      x is not y  # True if x and y reference different objects
      

Membership Operators

Membership operators are used to check if a value exists in a sequence (e.g., list, tuple, string).

      x in sequence       # True if x is present in the sequence
      x not in sequence   # True if x is not present in the sequence
      

Expressions

Expressions are combinations of variables, values, and operators that are evaluated to produce a result.

      x = 5
      y = 10
      result = x + y # Expression: x + y